{"id":301,"date":"2020-11-26T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-11-26T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kadindostumarkalar.org\/yazilar\/ilham-veren-kadinlar\/kerim-ulkerin-kaleminden-dunyanin-kendi-kendine-milyoner-olan-ilk-kadini"},"modified":"2022-06-06T12:58:22","modified_gmt":"2022-06-06T12:58:22","slug":"kerim-ulkerin-kaleminden-dunyanin-kendi-kendine-milyoner-olan-ilk-kadini","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"","title":{"rendered":"Kerim \u00dcLKER'in Kaleminden; D\u00dcNYANIN KEND\u0130 KEND\u0130NE M\u0130LYONER OLAN \u0130LK KADINI"},"content":{"rendered":"Dost Kalemler \/   Kerim \u00dcLKER \/ Ekonomi Yazar\u0131 D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli devrimlerinin ard\u0131nda hep kad\u0131nlar oldu. \u0130lk ad\u0131m\u0131 atanlar, ilk yumruklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131kanlar, havaya kald\u0131ranlar, ilk \u00e7\u0131\u011fl\u0131k koparanlar, ilk hayk\u0131ranlar hep kad\u0131nlard\u0131 asl\u0131nda. D\u00fcnyan\u0131n ilk i\u015f\u00e7i isyan\u0131n alt\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar vard\u0131. Bol\u015fevik Devrimi \u00f6ncesinde \u00c7ar’a kar\u015f\u0131 ayaklanan Lenin de\u011fil, kad\u0131nlard\u0131… G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde kutlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 1 May\u0131s’\u0131n da tarihinde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n att\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu ilk ad\u0131m vard\u0131. Bildi\u011finiz \u00fczere, \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Bayram\u0131’n\u0131n temeli 1 May\u0131s 1886’da Amerikan \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Sendikalar\u0131 Konfederasyonu \u00f6nderli\u011finde i\u015f\u00e7iler, g\u00fcnde 12 saat, haftada 6 g\u00fcn olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma takvimine kar\u015f\u0131, g\u00fcnl\u00fck 8 saatlik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma talebiyle i\u015f b\u0131rakt\u0131lar. Chicago’da yap\u0131lan g\u00f6sterilere yar\u0131m milyon i\u015f\u00e7i kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130lk kez siyah ve beyaz tenliler, erkek ve kad\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar yan yana geldiler. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u015f\u00fckran duydu\u011fumuz 1 May\u0131s’\u0131 kutlamam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131lar. Ancak 1886’daki bu g\u00f6sterilerin \u00f6ncesi de vard\u0131. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde D\u00fcnya Kad\u0131nlar G\u00fcn\u00fc’n\u00fc kutlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z 8 Mart 1857’de yani \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Bayram\u0131’n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131ndan 29 y\u0131l \u00f6nce ilk ate\u015f yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. ABD’nin New York kentinde 40 bin dokuma i\u015f\u00e7isi daha iyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 istemiyle bir tekstil fabrikas\u0131nda greve ba\u015flad\u0131. Neredeyse tamam\u0131 kad\u0131n 129 i\u015f\u00e7i bu grevde can verdi. \u0130\u015fte b\u00f6yle bir ortamda do\u011fdu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n kendi kendine milyoner olan ilk kad\u0131n\u0131. Ad\u0131: Sarah Breedlove. D\u00fcnya ekonomi tarihinin Madam C.J. Walker olarak tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sarah Breedlove, 23 Aral\u0131k 1867 y\u0131l\u0131nda ABD’bin Louisiana kentinde d\u00fcnyaya geldi. Onu tarihe alt\u0131n harflerle yazd\u0131ran ise ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ortam oldu. 19’uncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda do\u011fan Afro-Amerikal\u0131 kad\u0131nlar\u0131n i\u015f hayat\u0131nda yapabilece\u011fi iki i\u015f vard\u0131: Ya \u00e7amar\u015f\u0131rc\u0131 kad\u0131n olacaklard\u0131… Ya da \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rc\u0131 kad\u0131n… 8 ya\u015f\u0131nda anne ve babas\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden, 14’\u00fcnde evlenen, 18’inde anne olan Sarah Breedlove, 20 ya\u015f\u0131nda dul bir halde iki \u00e7ocu\u011funa bakmak zorunda kald\u0131. \u00d6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131nda g\u00fcnl\u00fck 1.5 dolara \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Breedlove, 18 y\u0131l boyunca \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131rc\u0131l\u0131k yapt\u0131. T\u00fcm bu y\u0131llar boyunca \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r haz\u0131rlama s\u00fcrecinde kullan\u0131lan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc kimyasallar\u0131n buhar\u0131na maruz kalan Breedlove, i\u015fin stresi ve s\u00fcrekli maruz kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 buhar nedeniyle sa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. H\u0131zla d\u00f6k\u00fclen sa\u00e7lar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolunu kendi imkanlar\u0131yla a\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Breedlove, hala i\u00e7eri\u011fi s\u0131r olarak kalan Walker Sa\u00e7 Koruma Sistemi’ni form\u00fcle etti. Kimilerine g\u00f6re tanr\u0131sal bir ilhamd\u0131 bu form\u00fcl. 1907 y\u0131l\u0131nda Walker sa\u00e7 uzatan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini kap\u0131 kap\u0131 satmaya ba\u015flad\u0131 1900’l\u00fc y\u0131llar\u0131n hemen ba\u015f\u0131nda 76 milyonluk n\u00fcfusa sahip ABD’de ya\u015fayan Afro-Amerikalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 9 milyonun biraz \u00fczerindeydi. Breedlove, bu n\u00fcfusu kendine hedef kitle olarak belirledi. Birle\u015fik Devletler’in g\u00fcneyini ve do\u011fusunu kapsayan bir acente a\u011f\u0131 modelini kurdu. \u00d6zellikle Afro-Amerikan kad\u0131nlar\u0131 hem acente hem de m\u00fc\u015fteri olarak g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Bir y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde 200 bayilik bir a\u011f kurdu. 1910’un ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda bayilerinin say\u0131s\u0131 20 bini ge\u00e7ti. Breedlove, tarihte kendi kazanc\u0131 ile milyoner olan ilk kad\u0131n oldu. Ancak onun ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131 bir kad\u0131n olmaktan \u00f6te, Bir Afro-Amerikal\u0131 olmas\u0131yd\u0131.  K\u00f6leli\u011fin hala devam etti\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde, ayr\u0131 okullarda okuyan, ayr\u0131 restoranlarda ve masalarda yemek yiyen bir d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k vard\u0131 ABD’de. Bir siyah tenlinin, bir beyaza otob\u00fcste yer vermemesi gerekti\u011fi y\u0131llar\u0131n yar\u0131m as\u0131r \u00f6ncesinde bir Afro-Amerikal\u0131 kendi i\u015fini kurabiliyor, hatta milyoner olabiliyorsa bu ger\u00e7ek bir ba\u015far\u0131d\u0131r \u00e7o\u011fumuza g\u00f6re.  Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n, en \u00f6nemlisi az\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131ya ula\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcne konan engelleri a\u015farak tarihe ge\u00e7ti milyoner Breedlove. Henry Ford’un \u00fcretti\u011fi T Modeli otomobili kendi imkanlar\u0131yla sat\u0131n ald\u0131. Bu \u00e7o\u011fu erkek i\u00e7in bile hayalken… Breedlove’un a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yolda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ba\u015fka bir Afro-Amerikal\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fcyor: medya krali\u00e7esi Oprah Winfrey. 32 ya\u015f\u0131nda yani 1986’da milyoner olan Winfrey, 2003’te 49 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131 ve tarihte kendi kendine milyarder olan ilk kad\u0131n olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. O da Breedlove gibi Afro-Amerikal\u0131… Breedlove’\u0131n cesaretini yol arkada\u015f\u0131 yapan Oprah’\u0131n serveti ise 2020 verilerine g\u00f6re 2.5 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde. Unutmadan; \u015fu s\u0131ralar Netflix’te Self Made (Kendi Eme\u011fimle) adl\u0131 bir film var. Breedlove’\u0131n ger\u00e7ek ya\u015fam \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc anlat\u0131yor. Hakk\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kan onlarca kitap var. Bulabilirseniz okuyun veya izleyin isterim… ","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":301,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_links_to":"https:\/\/www.kadindostumarkalar.org\/yazilar\/ilham-veren-kadinlar\/kerim-ulkerin-kaleminden-dunyanin-kendi-kendine-milyoner-olan-ilk-kadini","_links_to_target":"https:\/\/www.kadindostumarkalar.org\/yazilar\/ilham-veren-kadinlar\/kerim-ulkerin-kaleminden-dunyanin-kendi-kendine-milyoner-olan-ilk-kadini"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindostumarkalar.org\/yazilar\/ilham-veren-kadinlar\/kerim-ulkerin-kaleminden-dunyanin-kendi-kendine-milyoner-olan-ilk-kadini"}],"collection":[{"href":"urlver"}],"about":[{"href":""}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindostumarkalar.org\/yazilar\/ilham-veren-kadinlar\/kerim-ulkerin-kaleminden-dunyanin-kendi-kendine-milyoner-olan-ilk-kadini"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindostumarkalar.org\/yazilar\/ilham-veren-kadinlar\/kerim-ulkerin-kaleminden-dunyanin-kendi-kendine-milyoner-olan-ilk-kadini"}],"version-history":[{"count":2028,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindostumarkalar.org\/yazilar\/ilham-veren-kadinlar\/kerim-ulkerin-kaleminden-dunyanin-kendi-kendine-milyoner-olan-ilk-kadini"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":301,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindostumarkalar.org\/yazilar\/ilham-veren-kadinlar\/kerim-ulkerin-kaleminden-dunyanin-kendi-kendine-milyoner-olan-ilk-kadini"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindostumarkalar.org\/yazilar\/ilham-veren-kadinlar\/kerim-ulkerin-kaleminden-dunyanin-kendi-kendine-milyoner-olan-ilk-kadini"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.kadindostumarkalar.org\/img\/blog\/whatsapp-image-2020-11-25-at-23.05.19-5.jpeg"}],"curies":[{"name":".Net","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}